COCCIDIOIDOMYCOSIS

Coccidioidomycosis Definitions

Coccidioidomycosis a respiratory infection, although generalized dissemination may occur. It is a disease due to a spores and fungus called Coccidioides immitis. About 40% of people infected with this fungus develop symptoms. It is characterized by fever and various respiratory symptoms. The infection spreads through the bloodstream and involves many organs.

Coccidioidomycosis is most prevalent during warm, dry months. Coccidioidomycosis is also known as valley fever and San Joaquin Valley fever.

Coccidioidomycosis Causes

Coccidioidomycosis infection may be caused by inhalation of the spores of the fungus, which is often found in desert regions. Chronic pulmonary coccidioidomycosis can develop 20 or more years after initial infection which may not have been recognized, diagnosed, or treated at the time. It is caused by bacteria or a virus . Pneumonia from any cause can occur at any age, but people in certain age groups are at higher risk for certain types of pneumonia.

Disseminated coccidioidomycosis describes the type of coccidioidomycosis that spreads throughout the body affecting many organ systems and is often fatal. About 60% of acute infections cause no symptoms and are only recognized by a positive coccidioidin skin test.

Coccidioidomycosis Symptoms

In case of coccidioidomycosis, only 40% of cases are symptomatic. Chronic pulmonary cavitation can occur in both the primary and the disseminated forms of coccidioidomycosis, causing hemoptysis with or without chest pain.

The symptoms of the coccidioidomycosis may be included:

• illness with fever
• cough
• rash
• chills
• meight loss
• muscle aches
• muscle stiffness
• chest pain
• headaches
• wheezing
• myalgias
• neck stiffness
• joint stiffness
• night sweats
• loss of appetite
• sensitivity to light

Coccidioidomycosis Treatments

Acute primary coccidioidomycosis typically goes away without treatment, and recovery usually is complete.

Disseminated or severe disease should be treated with amphotericin B, ketoconazole fluconazole, or itraconazole.

Bed rest and improved nutrition are recommended. Antifungal drugs are prescribed to treat the infection.

Severe primary disease and dissemination, however, require longterm I.V. infusion.