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Taxonomic Class

Juglandaceae

Common Trade Names

None known.

Common Forms

Available as a decoction, an extract, and a tincture and used externally as a bath additive and a compress.

Source

The leaves of the deciduous tree (Juglans regia), the bark, the hull of the nut, and the nut itself have been used for various preparations.

Chemical Components

The leaves contain about 10% tannins of the ellagitannin type; naphthalene derivatives, especially the monoglucosides of juglone (=5- hydroxy-1,4-naphtholquinone) and hydrojuglone; more than 3% flavonoids (such as quercetin, quercitrin, hyperoside, and kaempferol derivatives); 0.8% to 1% ascorbic acid, plant acids, including gallic, caffeic, and neochlorogenic acids; and 0.001 % to 0.03% volatile oil, mainly germacrene D. The main active components are the tannins and juglone.

Actions

J. regia is mainly used externally as an astringent, based on its tannin content (10%). Juglone and the essential oils may have in vitro antifungal activity and, possibly, antitumorigenic effects in mice. The actual nut has been studied as a substitute (replacing 20% to 35% of monounsaturated fat foods) in cholesterol-lowering diets with success in further reducing total cholesterol and LDL levels in human subjects .

Reported Uses

Walnut preparations have been used externally for acne, eczema, eyelid inflammation, excessive perspiration of the hands and feet, pyodermia, tuberculosis, and various skin ulcers. It has been used internally for catarrhs of the GI tract and as an anthelmintic and a blood-purifying agent.

Dosage

Dosing is highly dependent on various factors. Because no standard production exists, dosage ranges must be viewed as relative guidelines.

External: 3 to 6 g/day; 100 g per full bath.

Extracts: 2 to 3 g P.O. once to several times a day.

Tincture: 1 to 3 ml P.O. once to several times a day.

Adverse Reactions

Hepatic: hepatotoxicity (caused by tannin content).

Other: carcinogenic effects (potential with long-term use of J. regia as an external preparation).

Interactions

None reported.

Contraindications and Precautions

Excessive oral ingestion and topical application of walnuts should be avoided in pregnant or breast-feeding patients.

Special Considerations

• Caution the patient who is at risk for heptatotoxicity about ingesting considerable quantities of walnut because the tannin content may increase the risk of hepatic injury.
• Advise the patient who is looking for a natural agent to reduce serum cholesterol levels to pursue more stringently studied and proven alternatives.
• Inform the patient that walnut preparations that contain juglone compounds can discolor the skin or mucous membranes yellowish brown.
• Caution the patient that daily topical application of walnut preparations may increase the risk of tongue cancer and leukoplakia of the lips.

Commentary

Little, if any, evidence exists other than in vitro studies to support most of the claims for the use of walnut. Larger human trials are needed to demonstrate its effectiveness in hypercholesterolemic men and Women. More research is needed before definitive recommendations can be put forward.

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Allergic Rash – Treatment for Curing it Fast and Effectively

What do doctors call this condition?

Allergic purpura

What is this condition?

Allergic rash is an inflammation of the cells that line the blood vessels, accompanied by allergic symptoms. The disorder affects the skin, urinary tract, digestive tract, and the joints. If allowed to develop fully, allergic rash is persistent and debilitating, and may lead to serious kidney disease. An acute attack of allergic rash may last several weeks, and death may result, usually from kidney failure. However, with appropriate treatment, most people recover from the disease.

Allergic rash affects more males than females and is most common in children ages 3 to 7 years.

What causes it?

The most common cause of allergic rash is thought to be an autoimmune reaction, in which the body’s immune system responds to a bacterial infection (such as strep) by attacking the tissues of its own blood vessel walls. Typically, symptoms first appear 1 to 3 weeks after an upper respiratory infection. Other possible causes include allergic reactions to certain drugs and vaccines, insect bites, and foods (such as wheat, eggs, milk, or chocolate).

What are its symptoms?

Typically, the person with allergic rash has small, flat, purple skin blotches of varying size, caused by blood leaking from damaged blood vessels into the skin. These blotches usually appear in symmetrical patterns on the arms and legs and are accompanied by itching. prickling, and tingling. Swelling may sometimes occur elsewhere on the body, such as on the face, hands, feet, or genitals.

In children, the skin blotches tend to be raised, firm, and swollen; they may expand and bleed. Tiny purple or red spots may appear on the legs and buttocks and near the genital and rectal areas.

In about 25% to 50% of cases, allergic rash also causes kidney inflammation, bleeding from the kidney or from the tissues lining the bladder or urethra, or a serious kidney disease called glomerulonephritis.

How is it diagnosed?

Because no test clearly identifies allergic rash, the doctor diagnoses the condition by carefully observing symptoms, often during the person’s second or third allergic attack. X-rays reveal swollen areas in the small bowel. Tests may also show blood in the urine and stools as well as evidence of kidney problems. Before diagnosing allergic rash, the doctor must rule our other types of rash.

How is it treated?

The doctor will work to manage symptoms. For example, to treat severe allergic rash, he or she may prescribe steroids to relieve swelling and pain relievers to alleviate joint and stomach pain. If allergic rash causes chronic kidney disease, the person may benefit from Imuran, a drug that suppresses the immune system. The doctor will also try to identify any substance that may be causing an allergic reaction. An accurate allergy history is essential.

What can a person with allergic rash do?

• Eliminate known rash-causing foods from your diet.

• After the acute stage, be sure to immediately report any recurrence of symptoms (most common about 6 weeks after symptoms first appear). Return for follow-up urinalysis .

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